Telescopy.



PATENTED NOV. 21

R. A. ANTHONY.

TELESGOPY.

APPLICATION I'ILED numo, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

wh m coo co PATENTED NOV. 21, 1905.

R. A. ANTHONY.

TELESOOPY.

APPLIGATION FILED mam, 1905;

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 804,996. PATENTED NOV. 21, 1905.

R. A. ANTHONY.

TBLESGOPY.

APPLICATION FILED MARJO, 1905.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

"on rrnn STATES PATENT orrion...

RICHARD A. ANTHONY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO CHARLESBROOK, OF BOONTON, NEWJERSEY, AND ONEHALF TO AMELIA V. V. ANTHONY, OFNEW YORK, N. Y.

} TELESCOPY.

Patented Nov. 21, 1906. I

To (all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD A. ANTHONY, a citizen of the United States,and a resident in the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State ofNew York, have made a new and useful Invention A plicable to Telescopyand Kindred Optical Aits, of which the following is a specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1illustrates a device embodyin my invention in one of its forms andadapte to use in conjunction with an ordinary telescope. Fig. 2illustrates apparatus likewise em odying the invention in a somewhatmore elaborated form. Fig. 3 illustrates a modification of that which isshown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 illustrates a modification of that which isshown in Fig. 1.

Heretofore in instruments of the classes stated all the light from theobject or objects viewed entering the instrument has been that whichcould pass inwardly through a relatively small lens at the receiving orlight-entering end of the apparatus, whatever it may be.

Under my present invention I utilize the laws governing the reflectionof light from curved surface in the manner hereinafter ex-' plained,whereby I am enabled to collect and concentrate either upon a lens or amirror, as the case may be, Vastly more rays of light reflected from thebody or bodies to be viewed than has heretofore been possible.

In this specification I shall describe my invention as a plied tocertain specific instruments or eviees hereinafter to be described; butI wish it understood that the rinciples involved, with suitablemechanlcal changes, are adaptable to transits and other instruments. Iwill first describe my apparatus as it is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4,in which it is applied to telescopes, Fig. 4 being a modifiedconstruction and arrangement of the parts.

' To the tube of an ordinary telescope A,

provided with the usual object-glass B, I attach what I term aprojecting-reflector C, which has the eneral interior outline or contour of a parabola, semi-ellipse, or, in some instances, .a hyperbola.This reflector is cut off at or near its focal parameter Din otherwords, at its focal planeand to this a much larger exterior reflector E,which I call the receiving-reflector, is connected. It

;also is truncated or cut off at or near its parameterin other words, onits focal plane-- so that when combined these two reflectors constitutea single structure the foci of which are coincident and their axes arelikewise coincident, while their larger openings face in diametricallyopposite directions. The pre cise line on which the larger end of thereceiving-reflector shall terminate is not necessarily fixed. It may beanywhere on the axis to the right of the focus.

The method of connecting the rejectingreflector C with the tube A may esuch as preferred, or the two reflectors may be separately supported andbrought into proper relation with the telescope and obj ect-glass in anypreferred manner. Also the outer or receiving reflector and the inner orprojecting reflector need not necessarily be physically connectcd witheach other. They may be merely brought into proper relative position. V

The operation of the apparatus thus far described is as follows: Thelarge opening of the receiving-reflector E being turned to' ward theobject or objects to be viewed, the light emanating from them, owin totheir distance, will enter the mouth of t e receiving-reflector insubstantially parallel lines or rays and striking its inner curvedsurface will under the laws governing the reflection of light in suchcases be thrown directly into ocus of the receiving-reflector, and sincethe this focus is likewise the focus of the projecting-reflector C therays of light after crossing the foci will 'impin e on the inner curvedsurface of the projecting-reflector and again following the said lawswill be projected therefrom, if it be a parabolo'id,in lines parallel'to the axis of the reflectors direct upon the object-glass of thetelescope, which is laced at the larger end of the projecting-re ector,as shown.

It will be clear to those who are familiar with this subject thatwhereas under the old art the rays of light which entered the telesco ewere only those which impinged upon an passed through the object-glassin my improved construction I secure vastly bet- '2 so4,99e

light-rays. This requires no further description.

It will at once be obvious, however, to those who .are familiar withthis 'art that a combination of lenses of such conformation 70 asdesired to accomplish any specific result or a single lens havin suchconformation as desired may be substituted. The construction I show isintended to be illustrative only. For the accomplishment of certainresults, 75 which need not here be discussed, it will be found-desirableto give to the receiving-lens or object-glass the contour of a parabola,hyperbola, or semi-ellipse.

he laws governing the reflection of light- 80 rays from parabolic, ellitical, and hyperbolic surfaces are well un erstood and do not requirespecific explanation here except to say that when the subject is at agreat distance the receiving-reflector should prefer- 85 ably haveparabolic contour, because the rays of light coming from such distances.are, for all practical purposes, parallel, and hence im inging upon theinner surface of a parabol ic' receiver will be deflected directly toits focus, resulting in. the advantages above explained. If, on thecontrary, an. object or objects relatively close at hand are to be ofrays which fall directly upon it, but, on the contrary, all the rayswhich fall within the enlarged open mouth of the receiving-reflector,(except those that fall directly upon the parameter of the largerreflector and do not ass through into the projectin -reflector.) Ihenumber 'of such lost rays, l iowever, is exceedingly small in comparisonwith the number which are collected, concentrated, 1c and utilized underIn invention. The area of the open mouth of the receiving-reflector maybe ractically without limit. Indeed, I contemp ate making it many feetin diameter should occasion require.

Referring now to Fig.4,in which the parts are or may be the same asabove described, as a matter of convenience and for conservation ofspace instead of having the telescope tube A and the object-glass Barranged on the axial line of the reflectors I arrange them at rightangles thereto, and in order to secure rectangular deflection of thecollected and concentrated rays I employ a mirror F at an an le offorty-five degrees to the axes z 5 of the re ectors, upon which mirrorthe projected rays'will impinge and be deflected rectangularl as shown.

eferring now to Figs. 2 and 3, it will be noted that when the apparatusillustrated in 0 Fig. 1 is employed the position of the image isinverted, and although under certain circumstances this will be of noconsequence, yet in other cases it will be objectionable. In order,.therefore, that t e image as repro 3 5 duced may be in its actual orerect position, I sometimes construct and arrange the apparatus asillustrated in Fi s. 2 and 3, in which the parts, so far as they havebeen above described, are correspondingly lettered-that 0 is to say, Eis the exterior or receiving reflector, D the focus thereof, C theprojecting-reflector. To this reflector I connect at its open orrearmo'st end a counterpart reflector C, the focus of which is at D, andto this,

still at the left, I connect or locate another projecting-reflector G,combined with which may be the object-glass B of the telescopetube A. l

The operation of the apparatus shown in Fi 2 is substantially the sameas that shown inIig. 1, excepting that owing to what I call thesecondary reflection of the light-rays the object is reproduced at theobject-glass in its erect instead of inverted position. The

5 5 combined reflectors C and C may bemade in any preferred manner. Ihave shown them as-made from two parabolic reflectors connected at theirlarger diameters, as shown in drawings.

In Fi :3 substantially the same construction is il ustrated as thatshown in Fig, 2, ex- 3. The com ination of a telescope-tube a ceptinthat the reflecting-mirror F, subreceiving-reflector and aprojecting-reflector,

stantil y the same in function and method of whose interior surfacesdiverge in curved operation as that shown in Fig. 4, ma be lines fromtheir axes, both truncated at'or used to secure rectangular projection othe near their respective focal planes, and hav- I30 ceiver will collectand measurably, or at least to a large extent, concentrate them'at thede- "sired point.

It will be obvious to those who are familiar with this art thatmodifications may be made in the details of construction of theapparatus 10 5 shown and described by me without departing from theessentials of the invention. I therefore do not limit myself to suchdetails.

claim 1'. The combination of a telescope-tube a no receiving-reflectorand a projecting-reflector, whose interior surfaces diverge in curveding their foci and axes coincident, and a lens, for the purpose setforth.

2. The combination of a telescope-tube a receiving-reflector and aprojecting-reflector, whose interior surfaces diverge in curved linesfrom their axes, both truncated at or near their respective focalplanes, and having their foci and axes coincident, and a lens located inor near the projecting-reflector and adapted to receive the raysprojected therefrom, for the urpose set forth. I2 5 I arranged at anangle relative to the axis of the projecting-reflector and adapted toreceive the rays projected therefromand to deflect them, for the purposeset forth.

4. The combination of a telescope-tube a receiving-reflector and aprojecting-reflector, whose interior surfaces diverge in curved linesfrom their axes, both truncated at or near their respective focalplanes, and havingtheir foci and axes coincident, a mirror arranged atan angle relative to the axis of the projecting-reflector and adapted toreceive the rays projected therefrom and to deflect them, and a lens,for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination of a telescope-tube, a rece1v1ng-reflector forcollecting and concentrating rays of light, the interior surface whereofdiverges in curved lines from its axis, and which is truncated at ornear its parameter or focal plane, whereby the rays of light received atits larger open end will be collected, concentrated and passed throughthe opening at its focus.

6. The combination of a telescope-tube a receiving-reflector, theinterior surface whereof diverges in curved lines from its axis andwhich is truncated at or near its focal plane, and an ellipsoid, ordouble paraboloid reflector truncated at or near both foci, and aproj'ecting-reflector, the interior surface whereof diverges in curvedlines from its axis and which is truncated at or near its focus, allbeing suitably arranged with reference to their respective foci andhaving a common axial line, for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination of a telescopeetube a receiving-reflector, theinterior surface whereof diverges in curved lines from its axis andwhich is truncated at or near its focal lane,

an ellipsoid, or double paraboloid re ector truncated at or near bothfoci, a projecting:

reflector, the interior surface whereof -1- verges in curved lines fromits axis and which is truncated at or near its focus, all being suitablyarran ed with reference to their respective foci an having a commonaxial line, and a lens combined with the projectingreflector and adaptedto receive the rays projected therefrom, for the pur ose set forth.

8. The combination of a te escope-tube a receiving-reflector, theinterior surface whereof diverges in curved lines from its axis andwhich is truncated at or near its focal plane, and an ellipsoid, ordouble paraboloid reflector truncated at or near both foci, and aprojecting-reflector, the interior surface whereof diverges in curvedlines from its axis and which is truncated at or near its focus, allbeing suitably arranged with reference to their foci and having a commonaxial line, and a mirror arranged at an angle relative to the 'axis of'the projecting-reflector and adapted to receive the rays projectedtherefrom and to deflect them, for the purpose set forth.

9. The combination of a telescope-tube a receiving-reflector, theinterior surface where:

of diverges in curvedlines from its axis and which is truncated at ornear its focal lane, an ellipsoid, or double paraboloid re ectortruncated at or near both foci, and a projecting-reflector, the interiorsurface whereof diverges in curved lines from its axis and which istruncated at or near its focus, all being suitably arranged withreference to their foci and having a'coinmon axial line, a mirrorarranged at an angle relative to the axis of the projecting-reflectorand adapted to receive the rays projected therefrom and to deflect them,and a lens, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony, whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

RICHARD A. ANTHONY.

